Network interface cards, referred to as NICs, are PC
integrate cards that give inter-networking capabilities for a particular
computing solution. There are many types of NICs that are utilized in
changeable situations. The biggest variation between cards is depending upon
their connective medium and speed capabilities. To a lesser extent, NICs can be
distinguished by their type of connectivity to PC.
1-10/100 Ethernet
1. These are networking cards that are utilized often in
home or small office setting. As name implies, they are able of speeds up to 10
or 100 megabits per second, not to be confused with megabytes per second. These
cards generally attach to PC using a PCI, PCIe or ISA motherboard interface
slot. These cards are setup to utilize category 5 or 6 networking cables. The
variation between category 5 and 6 networking cables is addition of more
shielding in category 6 cable to decrease "cross-talk" that slows
network transfer speeds.
2-Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet NICs give network transfer speeds of up
to one Gigabit per second. These cards attach to PC using same means as before
mentioned, though, they are much more likely to be formed for PCIe slots. These
NICs can use Category 5, 5e, 6, and 7 cabling, with a preference for latter.
Though, these NICs are more frequently created to use fiber optic cables for
utilize in enterprise solutions like web servers or data storage centers.
3-Fiber Optics
Main network infrastructures like tier 1 and 2 Internet
backbones need more controlling NICs. Fiber optic NICs consume fiber optic
cabling to achieve speeds of 10 gigabits per second, with a requirement below
review to push this limit to 100 gigabits per second. These NICs are
frequently, though not always, exterior devices that attach to servers or
workstations by an inter-networking plane which gives a lower connective speed
to individual devices like 100 Mb/s. These NICs are a significant financial
investment and need much service and maintenance.
4-Wireless NICs
Wireless NICs give similar networking capabilities as
wired counterparts, though they have their own transfer capabilities. Speeds of
54 Mb/s are usually available to wireless NICs without teaming some NICs
together to mix bandwidths. These NICs, though give for wireless networking
that permits for freedom in PC topology and installation.
5-Wireless Dongles
There is a wireless networking device utilized by
individual machines that have access to a main PC that is attached to a
wireless router. This wireless router permits user to install wireless dongles
rather than whole routers with every extra machine on network. These devices
attach by ether connectors to a standard Ethernet card; though, they are common
in a USB compatible connective specification.
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